Coenzymes: kedu ihe ọ bụ, uru, ngwa na egwuregwu

Coenzymes bụ protein ndị na-abụghị protein ndị dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọtụtụ enzymes. Otutu n’ime ha sitere na vitamin.

Ihe kpatara nsogbu nke metabolic na mbelata njikọ nke ihe ndị bara uru na ahụ na-abụkarị mbelata ọrụ nke ụfọdụ ụdị enzymes. Ya mere, coenzymes dị oke mkpa maka anyị.

N’echiche dị warara, coenzyme bụ coenzyme Q10, ihe na-ewepụta folic acid na ọtụtụ vitamin ndị ọzọ. Ihe dị oke mkpa maka ahụ mmadụ bụ coenzymes ndị vitamin B na-emepụta.

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Coenzyme dị mkpa iji mee ka ike cellular dịkwuo elu, nke dị mkpa iji chekwaa ndụ. Usoro ọ bụla nke na-eme n’arụ mmadụ chọrọ nnukwu ume, ma ọ bụrụ ọrụ mmụọ, ọrụ nke mkpụrụ obi ma ọ bụ usoro nri, mmega ahụ mgbe ị na-ebu usoro musculoskeletal. N'ihi mmeghachi omume nke coenzymes na-abanye na enzymes, a na-emepụta ike dị mkpa.

Ọrụ nke coenzymes

Coenzymes bụ ogige ndị na-abụghị protein na-enyere aka rụọ ọrụ nke enzymes. Ha na-aru oru mbu 2:

1. Soro na usoro mmemme. Coenzyme n'onwe ya anaghị eme mgbanwe mgbanwe molekụkụ dị mkpa n'ime ahụ; ọ na-abanye n'ime ngwakọta nke enzymes yana apoenzyme, ọ bụ naanị n'oge ha na-emekọrịta usoro mmeghachi omume nke mkpụrụ osisi na-eme.
2. Ọrụ njem. Coenzyme na-agwakọta ya na mkpụrụ ahụ, na-ebute ọwa ụgbọ mmiri siri ike site na nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agagharị na etiti nke enzyme ọzọ.

All coenzymes nwere otu ihe dị mkpa dị n'otu - ha bụ ogige ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, ma mmeghachi omume ha dị nnọọ iche.

Nhazi ọkwa nke coenzymes

Dika usoro mmekorita na apoenzyme, coenzymes kewara:

• Soluble - n'oge mmeghachi omume ahụ, ọ na - agwakọta ya na ngwongwo enzyme, mgbe nke a gasịrị ọ gbanwere na ngwakọta kemịkalụ ma wepụta ya ọzọ.
• Prosthetic - jikọtara ya na apoenzyme, n'oge mmeghachi omume dị na etiti nke enzyme. Ntughari ha na-eme mgbe ha na coenzyme ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ọzọ na-emekọrịta ihe.

Dika usoro ogwu ha si di, coenzymes kewara ato ato:

• aliphatic (glutathione, lipoic acid, wdg)
• heterocyclic (pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolic acid, nucleoside phosphates na nkwekọrịta ha (CoA, FMN, FAD, NAD, wdg), metalloporphyrin hemes, wdg.
• aromatic (ubiquinones).

Na arụ ọrụ, e nwere ìgwè abụọ nke coenzymes:

• ndozi,
• otu nyefe coenzymes.

Coenzymes na egwuregwu ọgwụ

Site na mmega ahụ siri ike, a na-eri oke ume, ike ya dị na ahụ agwụla, a na-erikwa ọtụtụ vitamin na nri ngwa ngwa karịa ka ha mepụtara. Ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-enwe adịghị ike anụ ahụ, ike ọgwụgwụ nke ụjọ, na enweghị ume. Iji nyere aka izere ọtụtụ mgbaàmà, e mepụtara nkwadebe pụrụ iche na coenzymes na mejupụtara. Omume ha dị oke obosara, ọ bụghị naanị ndị na-eme egwuregwu ka edepụtara ha, kamakwa ndị mmadụ nwere nnukwu ọrịa zuru oke.

Ọkpụkpụ Cocarboxylase

Coenzyme, nke a na-eme site na thiamine na-abanye n'ime ahụ. Na ndị na-eme egwuregwu, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụzọ isi gbochie oke nsogbu myocardial na nsogbu nke usoro ụjọ ahụ. Ede ọgwụ ahụ maka radiculitis, neuritis, na nnukwu imeju imeju. A na-etinye ya ọgwụ intravenously, otu mkpụrụ ọgwụ ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 100 mg.

Cobamamide

Na-anọchi ọrụ nke vitamin B12, bụ anabolic. Na-enyere ndị na-eme egwuregwu aka iwuli akwara, nwekwuo ntachi obi, na-akwalite mgbake ngwa ngwa mgbe emechara ahụ. Dị n'ụdị mbadamba na ihe ngwọta maka igba ogwu n'akwara, ọnụego kwa ụbọchị bụ mbadamba 3 ma ọ bụ 1000 mcg. Oge usoro a abụghị ihe karịrị ụbọchị iri abụọ.

Oxycobalamin

Omume ya yiri nke vitamin B12, mana ọ na-anọ n'ọbara ogologo oge ma gbanwee ngwa ngwa ghọọ usoro coenzyme n'ihi njikọ siri ike ya na protein protein.

Pyridoxal phosphate

Nkwadebe nwere ihe niile nwere vitamin B6. Ọ dị iche na ya na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ngwa ngwa, edepụtara ya maka nnabata ọbụlagodi na pyridoxine phosphorylation nwere nsogbu. A na-ewere ya ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị, ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị adịghị karịa 0.06 g, usoro ahụ abụghịkwa otu ọnwa.

Pyriditol

Ọ na - eme ka usoro nke metabolic dị na sistemụ ụjọ nke etiti rụọ ọrụ, na - eme ka ikike nke glucose nwee ike, na - egbochi oke lactic acid, na - eme ka ngwongwo na - echebe nke anụ ahụ, gụnyere iguzogide hypoxia, nke na - eme n'oge ọzụzụ egwuregwu siri ike. A na-ewere ọgwụ ahụ ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị, 0,1 g. mgbe nri ụtụtụ maka otu ọnwa

Pantogam

Ọ bụ homologue nke pantothenic acid, na-eme ka usoro metabolic dị ngwa, na-ebelata ngosipụta nke mmeghachi omume mgbu, na-eme ka mgbochi nke mkpụrụ ndụ dị na hypoxia. A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ụbụrụ, na-amụba ntachi obi, a na-egosi ya maka iji ọnya ụbụrụ ụbụrụ nke ụdị dị iche iche. A na-ewere mbadamba n'ime otu ọnwa, 0,5 g, ọ bụghị ihe karịrị ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị.

Carnitine

A na-emepụta ya n'ụdị ọgwụ ogwu ogwu, nke a na-eme iji rụọ ọrụ abụba metabolism, na-eme ka ndụ dịghachi ndụ. Ọ nwere mmetụta anabolic, antihypoxic na antithyroid. Ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye sịntetik maka vitamin B6. Irè dị ka igba ogwu n'akwara.

Flavinate

Emere ya na aru site na riboflavin ma na etinye aka na carbohydrate, lipid na amino acid metabolism. A na-emepụta ya n'ụdị ihe ngwọta maka ịmịnye intramuscular, ebe ọ bụ na nmịnye ya n'ime afọ adịghị arụ ọrụ nke mebiri riboflavin absorption.

Lipoic acid

Na-edozi carbohydrate metabolism. Na - emewanye ikuku nke oxidation nke carbohydrates na acid fatty, nke na - enyere aka na mmụba nke ike.

Lelee vidiyo ahụ: Enzymes - Effect of cofactors on enzyme (July 2025).