Mandarin bụ mkpụrụ citrus na-atọ ụtọ ma na-atọ ụtọ. N'ikwu okwu banyere citruses, onye ọ bụla na-echeta ozugbo banyere vitamin C, mana nke a abụghị naanị uru mkpụrụ osisi ahụ. Mkpụrụ ahụ bara uru karịsịa n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ-oge oyi, mgbe ọkọnọ nke vitamin dị n'ime ahụ belatara. N'ihi mmiri ọ juụ ya, ngwaahịa a na-eme ka akpịrị kwụsị ịkpọ nkụ n'ụzọ dị mfe.
Na mgbakwunye na ascorbic acid, mkpụrụ osisi ahụ jupụtara na vitamin na ihe ndị na-achọpụta, ọ nwere pectin, glucose na eriri nri. Mkpụrụ osisi kwesịrị ekwesị maka nri nri - n'ihi ụdị njirimara ha, ha enweghị ike ịchịkọta nitrates. A na-eji Mandarin eme ihe dị ka onye na-egbochi ọrịa mgbochi na mgbochi mkpali.
Iji nọgide na-enwe ahụ ike ma na-ewusi ọgụ ike, a na-atụ aro ka ị na-a tangụ tangerines mgbe niile, mana na obere, ka ị ghara ịkpasu mmeghachi ahụ nke ahụ.
Mkpụrụ osisi na-enyere aka na usoro ifelata - a na-eji ya dị ka nri siri ike nwere obere kalori. Enwere ike ịhazi ụbọchị ngwa ngwa na tanjerịn. Somefọdụ ndị na-edozi ahụ na-akwado nri nri tanjine iji nyere gị aka ibula ibu nke ọma.
Calorie ọdịnaya na mejupụtara
Mandarin nwere ọgaranya bara ọgaranya bara uru ma na-edozi ahụ, ọkachasị vitamin A, C, B vitamin, potassium, calcium, iron na site. 100 g nke nkpuru ohuru na-enweghị bee nwere 38 kcal.
Kalori nke otu tangerine nwere peji site na 47 ruo 53 kcal, dabere na ụdị na ogo nke ngwaahịa nke ngwaahịa.
Bee tankiịn nwere 35 kcal kwa 100 g.
Kalori nke tangerine a mịrị amị, dabere na ọtụtụ, bụ 270 - 420 kcal kwa 100 g, tanjerịn akpọnwụ - 248 kcal.
Edozi ekwuru uru nke mandarin pulp kwa 100 grams nke ngwaahịa:
- ndi na-edozi - 0,8 g;
- abụba - 0,2 g;
- carbohydrates - 7,5 g;
- eriri nri - 1,9 g;
- mmiri - 88 g;
- ntụ - 0,5 g;
- organic asịd - 1.1 g
Ihe mejupụtara tangeline peel kwa 100 gram nke ngwaahịa a nwere:
- ndi na-edozi - 0,9 g;
- abụba - 2 g;
- carbohydrates - 7.5 g.
Ogo nke protein, abụba na carbohydrates dị na mandarin pulp bụ 1: 0.3: 9.4, n'otu n'otu.
Vitamin mejupụtara mandarin
Mandarin nwere vitamin ndị a:
Vitamin | ego | Uru maka ahụ | |
Vitamin A | 10 mg | Ọ nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi antioxidant, na-eme ka ọhụụ dịkwuo mma, anụ ahụ na ntutu, na-ewusi usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ ike, na-achịkwa njikọ protein, ma na-edozi metabolism. | |
Beta carotene | 0,06 mg | Ọ na - ejikọ vitamin A, nwere mmetụta nke antioxidant, na - eme ka ọhụhụ dị mma, na - eme ka usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ dị ike, ma na - akwalite imu anụ ahụ. | |
Vitamin B1, ma ọ bụ thiamine | 0,06 mg | Na-edozi carbohydrate, abụba na protein metabolism, na-akwalite obi ụtọ ụjọ, na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na nsị nke ihe ndị na-egbu egbu. | |
Vitamin B2, ma ọ bụ riboflavin | 0,03 mg | Na-eme ka usoro ụjọ ahụ sie ike, na-edozi metabolism, na-ekere òkè na ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, na-echebe membran mucous. | |
Vitamin B4, ma ọ bụ choline | 10,2 mg | Na-edozi ọrụ nke usoro ụjọ ahụ, na-ewepụ toxins, weghachite mkpụrụ ndụ imeju. | |
Vitamin B5, ma ọ bụ pantothenic acid | 0,216 mg | Soro na oxidation nke carbohydrates na fatty acids, synthesizes glucocorticoids, na-edozi usoro nke ụjọ ahụ, na-eme ka ọnọdụ nke anụ ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-ekere òkè na nguzogide nke nje. | |
Vitamin B6, ma ọ bụ pyridoxine | 0,07 mg | Ọ na - arụkọ acid acid, na - arụ ọrụ nke sistem ahụ ụjọ, na - akwalite njikọ nke hemoglobin, na - ebelata akwara. | |
Vitamin B9, ma obu folic acid | 16 μg | Soro na nguzobe sel niile nke aru, na njikọ nke enzymes na amino acid, na-akwado usoro ime afọ ime na nhazi nwa ebu n'afọ. | |
Vitamin C, ma ọ bụ ascorbic acid | 38 mg | Ọ nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi antioxidant, na-ewusi usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ ike, na-echebe ahụ site na nje na nje, na-achịkwa njikọ hormone na usoro hematopoiesis, na-ekere òkè na njikọta nke collagen, ma na-edozi metabolism. | |
Vitamin E, ma ọ bụ alpha-cotoferol | 0,2 mg | Ọ nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi antioxidant, na-ebelata usoro ịka nká nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na-eme ka ụda akwara na-eme ka anụ ahụ dịghachi mma, na-ebelata ike ọgwụgwụ nke anụ ahụ, na-eme ka ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara dị elu, na-egbochi mmepe nke etuto kansa. | |
Vitamin H, ma ọ bụ biotin | 0.8μg | Soro na carbohydrate na protein metabolism, na-edozi shuga shuga, na-eme ka usoro ụjọ ahụ dị ike, na-eme ka ọnọdụ nke anụ ahụ na ntutu isi dịkwuo mma, na-ekere òkè na njikọ nke hemoglobin, ma na-edozi oxygen metabolism. | |
Vitamin PP, ma ọ bụ nicotinic acid | 0,3 mg | Na-edozi lipid metabolism, na-arụ ọrụ nke usoro ụjọ ahụ, na-ebelata ọkwa ọkwa cholesterol ọbara. | |
Niacin | 0,2 mg | Na-agbasawanye arịa ọbara, na-eme ka microcirculation dị elu, na-ekere òkè na mgbanwe nke amino acid, na-edozi ọrụ nke usoro obi, na-eme ka usoro ụjọ ahụ sikwuo ike, na-ekere òkè na njikọ nke homonụ, na-enyere aka na-edozi protein. |
Nchịkọta nke vitamin niile na mandarin nwere mmetụta dị mgbagwoju anya na ahụ, na-emeziwanye akụkụ nke akụkụ na sistemụ, na-edozi metabolism na iwusi usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ dị mkpa maka igbochi ọrịa ndị malitere ịrịa ọrịa na vitamin.
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Macro- na microelements
Mandarin nwere macro- na microelements dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi nke ọrịa dị iche iche, na-ewusi usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na ahụ na-eguzogide nje na nje.
100 grams nke ngwaahịa ahụ nwere macronutrients ndị a:
Macronutrient | ego | Uru maka ahụ |
Potassium (K) | 155 mg | Na-akwalite mkpochapụ nke toxins na toxins, na-edozi ọrụ nke usoro obi. |
Kalsụl (Ca) | 35 mg | Dị ọkpụkpụ na eze anụ ahụ, na-eme ka akwara gbanwee, na-achịkwa ngwa ngwa nke usoro ụjọ ahụ, na-esonye na coagulation ọbara. |
Silicon (Si) | 6 mg | Tissuedị anụ ahụ jikọtara, mee ka ike na elasticity nke arịa ọbara dịkwuo mma, na-edozi usoro ụjọ ahụ, na-eme ka ọnọdụ nke anụ ahụ, ntutu na mbọ dịkwuo mma. |
Magnesium (mg) | 11 mg | Soro na carbohydrate na protein metabolism, na-edozi ọkwa nke cholesterol ọbara, na-egbochi spasms. |
Sodium (Na) | 12 mg | Na-edozi acid-base na electrolyte balance, na-edozi usoro nke excitability na mwepụ akwara, na-emezi ụbụrụ ọrụ. |
Sọlfọ (S) | 8.1 mg | Disinfects ọbara na enyere aka ọgụ bacteria, ewepu toxins, ọcha arịa ọbara, na mma mgbasa ọbara. |
Site (P) | 17 mg | Na-akwalite nhazi nke homonụ, na-etolite ọkpụkpụ, na-edozi metabolism, na-eme ka ụbụrụ rụọ ọrụ. |
Chlorine (Cl) | 3 mg | Na-akwalite nsị nke nnu si n'ahụ, na-ekere òkè na metabolism lipid, na-egbochi ntinye nke abụba n'ime imeju, na-emezi ihe mejupụtara erythrocytes. |
Chọpụta ihe dị na 100 g tangerines:
Chọpụta mmewere | ego | Uru maka ahụ |
Aluminom (Al) | 364 μg | Ọ na - edozi uto na mmepe nke anụ ahụ na anụ epithelial, na - eme ka enzymes rụọ ọrụ ma na - akpali gland digestive. |
Boron (B) | 140mg | Mee ka ike nke anụ ahụ dịkwuo mma ma soro na nhazi ya. |
Vanadium (V) | 7.2 μg | Na-ekere òkè na lipid na carbohydrate metabolism, na-edozi ọkwa cholesterol ọbara, na-akpali mmegharị nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara. |
Gwè (Fe) | 0,1 mg | Soro na usoro nke hematopoiesis, bụ akụkụ nke haemoglobin, na-edozi ọrụ nke akwara akwara na ụjọ usoro, na-enyere aka ịlụ ọgụ ike ọgwụgwụ na adịghị ike nke ahụ, na-abawanye ike. |
Yodine (I) | 0.3 μg | Na-achịkwa metabolism, na-akpali usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. |
Cobalt (Nkọ) | 14.1 μg | Soro na njikọ DNA, na-emebi protein, abụba na carbohydrates, na-akpali uto nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, ma na-edozi ogo nke adrenaline. |
Lithium (Li) | 3 μg | Ọ na - arụ ọrụ enzymes ma gbochie mmepe nke etuto kansa, nwere mmetụta na-adịghị ahụ. |
Manganese (igwe) | 0,039 mg | Na-achịkwa usoro mmechi na metabolism, na-ebelata ọkwa cholesterol ọbara, ma na-egbochi nsị lipid n'ime imeju. |
Ọla kọpa (Cu) | 42 μg | Na-ekere òkè na e guzobere mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na njikọ nke collagen, na-eme ka ọnọdụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-enyere aka ịkpụkọta ígwè n'ime haemoglobin. |
Molybdenum (Mo) | 63.1 Ọg | Na-achịkwa ọrụ enzymatic, na-emepụta vitamin, na-eme ka ọbara dị mma, na-akwalite excre acid nke uric acid. |
Nickel (Ni) | 0,8 μg | Soro na mmalite nke enzymes na usoro nke hematopoiesis, na-edozi shuga ma na-eme ka mmetụta nke insulin dịkwuo elu, na-enyere aka ịchekwa usoro nke acid nucleic, ma soro na oxygen metabolism. |
Rubidium (Rb) | 63 μg | Ọ na-arụ ọrụ enzymes, na-achịkwa usoro ụjọ ahụ, nwere mmetụta antihistamine, na-egbochi mbufụt na sel nke ahụ. |
Selenium (Se) | 0.1 μg | Na-eme ka usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ dị ike, na-eme ka usoro ịka nká na-ebelata, na-egbochi ọdịdị nke akpụ cancer. |
Strontium (Akwa) | 60 mcg | Na-enyere aka iwusi ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ. |
Fluorine (F) | 150,3 μg | Na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na enamel ezé dị ike, na-enyere aka wepu radicals na ọla dị arọ site na ahụ, na-akpali ntutu na ntu ntu, ma na-ewusi usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. |
Chromium ()) | 0.1 μg | Soro na carbohydrate na metabolism lipid, na-edozi ọkwa ọbara cholesterol. |
Zinc (Zn) | 0,07 mg | Na-edozi ọkwa shuga dị na ọbara, na-eme ka usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ dị ike ma na-egbochi nje na nje bacteria ịbanye na ahụ. |
Carbohydrates digestible:
- glucose - 2 g;
- sucrose - 4,5 g;
- fructose - 1.6 g
Satọde Fatty Acid - 0.039 g.
Polyunsaturated ọdụdụ asịd:
- omega-3 - 0,018 g;
- omega-6 - 0,048 g.
Amino acid mejupụtara:
Amino acid dị mkpa na enweghị isi | ego |
Arginine | 0,07 g |
Valine | 0,02 g |
Histidine | 0,01 g |
Isoleucine | 0,02 g |
Leucine | 0,03 g |
Lysine | 0,03 g |
Threonine | 0,02 g |
Phenylalanine | 0,02 g |
Aspartic acid | 0,13 g |
Alanin | 0,03 g |
Glycine | 0,02 g |
Glutamic acid | 0,06 g |
Proline | 0,07 g |
Serine | 0,03 g |
Tyrosine | 0,02 g |
Bara uru Njirimara nke asụsụ Mandarin
Mkpụrụ osisi tangerine nwere nnukwu uto ma bụrụ ewu ewu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eji tanjarin iji nụ ụtọ ụtọ ya na isi ya, na-enweghị itinye uru bara uru nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ. Mana n'agbanyeghị ebumnuche ojiji, mandarin nwere mmetụta dị mma na ọrụ dị mkpa nke ahụ.
E gosipụtara ọgwụgwọ na mmetụta bara uru nke mandarin dị ka ndị a:
- mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-edozi ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n’ọbara ma na-eme ihe insulin ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na-egbochi mmepe ụdị ụdị ọrịa shuga iri abụọ;
- na-akwalite ọnwụ;
- weghachite anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ ma nyere aka mee ka ọ dị ike;
- na-ewedata ọkwa kọlestrol ọbara ma na-egbochi mmepe nke atherosclerosis;
- na-eme ka akwara ọbara sie ike ma na-eme ka mgbasa ọbara dịkwuo mma;
- nwere mgbochi mkpali na antimicrobial Njirimara;
- na-alụ ọgụ scurvy na ngosipụta ndị ọzọ nke enweghị vitamin;
- na-ewusi usoro ụjọ ahụ ike;
- na-echebe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke akwara ozi;
- na-ebelata nhazi nke ogige carcinogenic;
- na-akwalite iwepụ ọla dị arọ n’ahụ.
Tangerines dị mma maka mgbaze. Ihe mejupụtara kemịkal nke ngwaahịa ahụ na-akpali intistist nke eriri afọ, na-eme ka ihe nzuzo nke enzymes dị na mmiri mmiri gastric, ma na-ehichapụ traktị nri na nsị.
Site na mkpụrụ osisi pulp, a na-enye nnukwu vitamin C ahụ, nke dị mkpa iji wusie usoro ahụ ike. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bara uru karịsịa n'oge oyi, mgbe a na-ebelata inye vitamin site na ihe ndị sitere n'okike ma ahụ mmadụ nwere ike iguzogide nje na nje ọjọọ.
Vitamin B, nke bụ akụkụ nke nwa ebu n’afọ, na-emezi usoro ụjọ ahụ, na-enyekwara aka ịlụso nrụgide ọgụ. Vitamin ndị a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na njikọta, nke pụtara na iji tanjerin ga-enwe mmetụta bara uru na usoro ụjọ ahụ.
Mandarin dị mma maka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime bụ ndị nnukwu mkpa vitamin dị na ahụ ha. Folic acid, nke bụ akụkụ nke ngwaahịa a, nwere mmetụta bara uru na ahụike nke ụmụ nwanyị na nwa ebu n'afọ.
Ntị! Womenmụ nwanyị dị ime kwesịrị iji nlezianya na oke pere mpe rie mkpụrụ osisi. N'agbanyeghị vitamin ya, ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ike ịkpata mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị na ọtụtụ nsonaazụ ọjọọ ndị ọzọ. Tupu imalite iji tanjerịn, ị ga-akpọtụrụ dọkịta gị.
Mandarin na-enyere aka belata ọzịza na mbufụt. Iri mkpụrụ osisi mgbe nile na-egbochi mmepe nke etuto kansa.
Mkpụrụ vaịn dị na pulp na-enyere aka mee ka uru ahụ sie ike ma mee ka ha na-agbanwekwu. Ngwaahịa ahụ ga-ewetara ndị egwuregwu egwuregwu uru bara ezigbo uru. Tangerine nwere ike iji dị ka ọkụ tupu mgbatị ahụ nri ga-ejupụta ahụ na ihe ndị bara uru, nwekwuo ntachi obi na arụmọrụ.
Uru ụmụ nwanyị bara
Uru nke tangerines maka ahụ nwanyị bụ obere kalori ọdịnaya nke nwa ebu n'afọ. Ngwaahịa ahụ na-enyere aka ịlụ ọgụ oke ibu, ebe ọ bụ na otu kilogram nke mkpụrụ osisi nwere 380 kcal. Mkpụrụ obere kalori nke mandarin na-eme ka ahụ na-emefu calorie ndị ọzọ. Consumption consumptionụ mkpụrụ osisi mgbe nile na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ jikọta metabolism ma na-akwalite abụba na-ere ngwa ngwa. N'ihi uto ya, tanjerịn nwere ike dochie nnukwu ihe ụtọ calorie dị elu.
Maka ịdị arọ dị irè, rie mkpụrụ osisi na-atọ ụtọ n'ụtụtụ. Họrọ nri protin na mgbede. Ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma iri nri tangerines n'abalị, ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ọtụtụ carbohydrates.
A na-eji Mandarin eme ihe na cosmetology. Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ekele maka uru nke ngwaahịa a maka ịchekwa ahụike.
Ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ndụ n'ime ihe ndị mejupụtara ngwaahịa ahụ nwere mmetụta bara uru na akpụkpọ:
- Mee ka imu mkpụrụ ndụ anụ ahụ dị mma.
- Na-alụ ọgụ na otutu na otutu.
- Ha nwere antifungal Njirimara.
- Smooths si wrinkles.
- Na-egbochi ịka nká.
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe ịchọ mma dị na tanjerịn. N'ụlọ cosmetology, tinctures na extracts si bee, nakwa dị ka pulp nke mkpụrụ na-eji. Mandarin dị mkpa mmanụ na-enyere aka ịlụ ọgụ mbufụt, meziwanye agba, ma jiri ya na aromatherapy na ịhịa aka n'ahụ.
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Uru maka ụmụ nwoke
Imega ahụ mgbe niile nke ụmụ nwoke na-achọkarị ume na ume ọrụ. Tangnwe nri tangerines mgbe niile na-eme ka ahụ dị ike ma na-eme ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo elu. B vitamin na-eme ka nsogbu na-atụ ụjọ ma na-edozi usoro ụjọ ahụ, na-emeziwanye echiche uche, ma na-enyere aka ịlụ ọgụ ehighị ụra.
Tangerines na-emeziwanye usoro nke usoro digestive na eriri afọ, meziwanye mgbasa ọbara, gbochie mmepe nke usoro tumo, nwere mmetụta bara uru na ndụ mmekọahụ, meziwanye ọbara na akụkụ ahụ, ma nwekwuo ike.
Uru nke tangerine bee
Tangerine bee, dị ka pulp, nwere nnukwu ego nke nri:
- pectin;
- mmanụ dị mkpa;
- Organic acid;
- vitamin;
- Chọpụta ọcha.
Mgbe ị na-eri nri tanjerịn, ịkwesighi iwepụ peepe. Ọ bụ isi iyi nke beta-carotene, nke nwere mmetụta bara uru na ịhụ ụzọ wee rụọ ọrụ nke usoro obi obi.
Mịrị peels adịghị ida ha na-agwọ ọrịa Njirimara. Enwere ike itinye ha na tii na ihe ọ otherụ otherụ ndị ọzọ iji nye ahụ ahụ nri.
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A na-eji ọgwụ mgbochi Mandarin na-agwọ oyi, bronchitis na usoro mkpali na ahụ.
A na-eji Mandarin zest eme ihe dị ka ọgwụ iji gwọọ edema. Ngwaahịa ahụ na - edozi nguzo mmiri na nnu n'ime ahụ ma belata ọkwa cholesterol. Ọ bụghị naanị ekpomeekpo, kamakwa mgbakwunye nri nke nwere mmetụta bara uru na ahụike.
Ngwọta nke mkpụrụ osisi na epupụta
Mkpụrụ osisi Mandarin nwere potassium ma nwee ihe ndị na-egbochi antioxidant. A na-eji ha egbochi ọrịa kansa ma gbochie ịka nká nke ahụ.
Vitamin A na-eme ka ahụ ike dị nkọ ma na-ewusi irighiri akwara ike. Vitamin C, E na mkpụrụ gbochie nguzobe nke ihe efu efu ma mee ka usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ dị ike.
Akwụkwọ Mandarin nwere mmanụ dị mkpa, phytoncides na flavonoids. A na-eji elu na-emeso oyi - ha nwere mmetụta antiseptik. Site n'enyemaka nke epupụta, ị nwere ike kpochapụ ọrịa afọ na afọ ọsịsa.
Na cosmetology, a na-eji akwukwo mandarin eme ka akpukpo aru di ike, buo ibu ma kpuchie ya, gbochie igbochi nká.
Mandarin dị ezigbo mma. Enwere ike iri ya na mkpuru osisi na peels, nke a abụghị naanị na ọ naghị emerụ ahụ, kamakwa ọ ga-eweta uru okpukpu abụọ.
Nsogbu na contraindications
Ngwaahịa ọ bụla, na mgbakwunye na njirimara bara uru, nwere ọtụtụ contraindications. A na-egbochi mkpụrụ osisi ahụ maka ndị nwere ọtụtụ ọrịa:
- afọ mgbu;
- ịba ọcha n'anya;
- cholecystitis;
- peptic ọnya afọ na eriri afọ;
- usoro mkpali nke eriri afọ.
Mkpụrụ osisi Citrus bụ ihe nrịanrịa siri ike ma jiri nlezianya rie ya. Nnukwu tangerines nwere ike ibute mmerụ ahụ.
A dụrụ ụmụaka ọdụ ka ha rie tangerines ka ọ ghara imerụ ahụ. Normkpụrụ a na-eme kwa ụbọchị maka nwatakịrị abụghị mkpụrụ osisi abụọ.
Ha Mikhail Malyugin - stock.adobe.com
Nsonaazụ
Iri tangerines na imeru ihe oke agaghị emerụ ahụ ike gị. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ga - enyere aka mee ka usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ dị ike ma mee ka ahụ na vitamin na mineral dị mkpa maka ndụ nkịtị. Mandarin dị ire nfufu ma nwekwaa ike dochie ụtọ dị ụtọ dị ka nri siri ike.